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When a single photon protects a message

Who protects our data? The DeLiQuaT project at HTWD Dresden is developing components that make quantum communication possible in the first place.
Tap-proof thanks to quantum physics: researchers in Saxony are working on technologies to make digital communication fundamentally more secure. © pixabay/Tung Nguyen
From: Wissensland
Eavesdropping-proof communication and powerful quantum computers need one thing above all: single photons that can be precisely controlled. A Saxon research team from HTW Dresden, Fraunhofer and two technical universities is now working on this – using tiny crystals and highly sensitive detectors.

Every time you send a message, someone could be listening. Quantum technology aims to make communication practically eavesdropping-proof. But researchers need an extraordinary tool for this: individual photons that can be generated and measured with high precision. This is exactly what a Saxon research team is now working on.

The project is called DeLiQuaT and has been launched at Dresden University of Applied Sciences (HTWD). Fraunhofer IIS and Fraunhofer ENAS, as well as the Technical University of Dresden and Chemnitz University of Technology, are also involved. Together, they aim to develop components that are essential for quantum technologies. These technologies exploit the laws of quantum mechanics – the physics of the smallest particles – to transmit information in a way that is theoretically secure against eavesdropping or to solve certain complex calculations much faster than conventional computers.

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Nano-crystals as a light factory

Quantum computers, secure communication and ultra-sensitive sensors all face a common challenge: they require light particles that can be precisely controlled. Instead of a flash of light containing billions of photons, exactly one photon must be generated – at the right moment and in the right place.

The project focuses on so-called quantum dots. These are tiny nanocrystals embedded in semiconductor structures. They are so small that millions could fit on the head of a pin. Quantum dots can generate individual particles of light – known as photons – in a controlled way. They are complemented by highly sensitive detectors that not only detect light but can also count how many individual photons arrive. Together, these two elements form a key technological foundation for functioning quantum systems.

Precision down to the smallest detail

At HTWD, the project is led by Professor Kay-Uwe Giering from the Chair of Microsystems Technology. Two research assistants will drive the work forward over the next two years. They will statistically analyse the electrical signals of single-photon detectors in order to improve their ability to reliably distinguish individual photons. Their results will feed directly into the collaboration with Fraunhofer IIS in Dresden.

The overarching goal is clear: to develop reliable light sources, integrate them into real quantum systems and generate knowledge that will help transfer quantum technologies from research into practical applications. The project is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Free State of Saxony.

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