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Success for Dresden researchers: When the body learns to fight cancer

They test new cancer therapies - as early and as safely as possible: the team of the Early Clinical Trial Unit at the NCT/UCC Dresden.
Researchers at the Early Clinical Trial Unit at the NCT/UCC Dresden are bringing new therapies from the laboratory to patients. © UKD
From: Wissensland
Cancer researchers in Dresden have tested a new immunotherapy that specifically targets the body's own immune system against tumor cells. The initial results are promising. They could help patients for whom other therapies no longer work.

Cancer cells can often successfully hide from the immune system. Researchers have therefore been trying for years to use the body's own defenses specifically against tumors. A team from Dresden has now tested a new active substance that guides immune cells directly to cancer cells. Initial results in seriously ill patients give hope that this approach could also help when other treatments are no longer effective.

The team from the National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC) at the Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine at TU Dresden has now presented the results at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the world's most important cancer congress. The data was simultaneously published in the journal "Nature Medicine".

The focus is on a new active substance called IMA401. The study was a first test on humans. Such early studies are primarily intended to show whether a new active substance is safe and in what dosage it can be used. Whether IMA401 will later become part of regular cancer treatment remains to be seen in larger studies.

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The molecule that betrays cancer cells

Normally, the immune system recognizes diseased or altered cells and eliminates them. However, cancer cells develop tricks to evade this control. To a certain extent, they hide from the body's defense cells. This is where IMA401 comes in. The active ingredient brings cancer cells and immune cells into direct contact with each other. This should enable the immune system to better recognize the tumour cells and attack them in a targeted manner. Many existing immunotherapies can only recognize characteristics that are located on the surface of cancer cells. IMA401, on the other hand, also uses characteristics that originally come from inside the cancer cell. This could make more tumor types visible to the immune system in the future.

The study involved 61 patients. They all had advanced tumors and no longer responded to conventional treatments. They received IMA401 as an infusion, in some cases in combination with an already approved immunotherapeutic agent. The treatment proved to be well tolerated overall. The most common side effects were fever and temporary changes in certain blood cells.

Next step is larger studies

The effect was particularly clear in head and neck tumors. In four out of 14 patients in the optimal dose range, the tumor shrank. In three of these patients, the effect was still ongoing at the time of evaluation. On average, the response to the therapy lasted 8.8 months. "The results are a significant step forward for our patients, who can otherwise only be offered very limited effective chemotherapies in this situation," says study leader Prof. Martin Wermke.

The Dresden researchers now want to test IMA401 together with another similar active substance. They hope to be able to further increase its effectiveness. However, there is still a long way to go before this becomes a regular treatment. Larger studies must first show whether the promising results can be confirmed and which patient groups will benefit most from the therapy.

Original publication:
Wermke, M., Ochsenreither, S., Jaeger, D. et al. MAGE-A4/MAGE-A8-targeted TCR-based bispecific T cell engager in recurrent and/or refractory solid tumors: a phase 1 trial. Nat Med (2026).

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